Mood is an important grammatical term. To express our thought clearly we use different kinds of verbs and we most of the time we don't know the right use of those verbs so it is very important to learn about mood. So that we can express ourselves correctly.
Definition: Mood is the manner in which an
action in a sentence denoted by the Verb is represented.
Examples: He gave me a
book (Assertive). Please give me
a book (Request). If you give me
a book, I shall give you a pen (Condition)
Note: The same verb ‘give’ express the different meaning
in those sentences.
Kinds of Mood:
1. Finite
A. Indicative Mood
B. Imperative Mood
C. Subjective Mood
2. Infinite
A. Infinitive
(i) Simple/Noun Infinitive.
(ii) Gerundial/Qualifying Infinitive.
(iii) Perfect Infinitive.
(iv) Split Infinitive.
B. Participle
(i) Present Participle.
(ii) Past Participle.
(iii) Perfect Participle.
C. Gerund
Indicative Mood:
Definition: A Verb which makes a statement of
fact or asks a question, or expresses a supposition which is assumed as a fact,
is in the Indicative Mood.
Examples: He is a boy. We do not play. Is he laughing? Do you know it?
Imperative Mood:
Definition: A Verb which expresses a command,
an exhortation, an entreaty or prayer, is in the Imperative Mood.
Examples: Do the work. O God, save our soul. Please, give me a glass of water.
Subjective Mood:
Definition: A Verb which expresses a purpose,
condition, or doubt is in the Subjective Mood.
Examples: He may be in the station now. If you move, you will die. We eat so that we may live.
Infinitive:
Definition: Actually ‘to + verb (present form)’ is
called Infinitives.
Examples: I want to do it. We like to play. They want to see.
Simple/Noun Infinitive:
Definition: When Infinitive works as a
noun then it is called Simple/Noun Infinitives.
Examples: To tell a lie
is a sin. I want to go. The man is about to
die.
Gerundial/Qualifying Infinitive:
Definition: When Infinitive
works as an adjective or adverb then it is called Gerundial/Qualifying
Infinitive.
Examples: She came to see
me. I am sorry to
disturb you. You can take my book to
read for only a week.
Perfect Infinitive:
Definition: ‘to + have + verb (past
participle)’ this form of Infinitive is called Perfect Infinitive.
Examples: I am sorry to have
disturbed you. I hoped to have
helped you. She wanted to have
completed reading the book.
Split Infinitive:
Definition: ‘to + adverb + verb’ this form
of Infinitive is called Split Infinitive.
Examples: He told me to
firmly believe it. I told him to
quickly do the work.
Participle:
Definition: A participle is that form of the verb
which partakes of the nature both of a Verb and of an Adjective.
Examples: We met the girl carrying
a basket of flowers. Loudly knocking
at the gate, he demanded admission. The child came to its mother running.
Present Participle:
Definition: A present participle is that
form of the verb which ends in –ing and has the force of an Adjective and a
Verb. Its represents an action as going on or incomplete or imperfect.
Examples: Do not get on the running
bus. Bring me the floating
flower. Do not disturb a sleeping
dog.
Past Participle:
Definition: A past participle is that form of
the verb which ends in –ed, -d, -t, -en, or -n and represents a completed
action or state of the thing spoken of. It works as an adjective in a sentence.
Examples: Blinded by a
dust storm, they fell into disorder. Driven by
hunger, he stole a piece of bread. We saw a few trees laden
with fruits.
Perfect Participle:
Definition: A perfect participle is that
form of the verb which starts with- Having + Past Participle form of Verb. It
represents an action as completed at some past time.
Examples: Having eaten rice, he went to bed. Having said this he went away. Having rested, we continued our journey.
Gerund:
Definition: A Gerund is that form of the verb which
ends in –ing, and has the force of a Noun and a Verb.
Examples: I like reading poetry. Playing cards is not allowed here. He is fond of hoarding money.
